International Politics Essay

The ongoing frenzy between the endemical communities of Peru on the one hand and the government on the other has been cited as the one of the countrys worst political crises. For a considerable period, the communities have not more(prenominal)over expressed their showdown against the government, but have also engaged in acts of civil noncompliance in the recent past. In June this year, confrontations between original protestors and the state jurisprudence left nearly a hundred people dead and hundreds injured, the absolute majority of the casualties and fatalities creation civilians (Romero, 2009).This followed a government decision to end the massive demonstrations by launching an aggressive military campaign against those protesting on the countrys roads. In essence, the communities initiative of holding peaceful demonstration so as to protest against the put to workation of the Amazon rain lumber, and the see government efforts to rejoinder such protests can be descr ibed as a globular crisis precipitated by the unprecedented struggle to exploit the few graphic resources on tap(predicate) in the environment.Though the conflict is occurring at the national level, its effects go out inevitably be felt at the international front, considering the central puzzle of the Amazon as a focal biodiversity epicenter. Globalization has been defined as the process of blending or homogenization by which individuals and organizations of the world argon unified into one society and work together without restrictions, through a combination of economical, technological, socio-cultural and political forces.It also entails the reduction or elimination of implement restrictions of countries on international exchanges hence increasing integrated and complex world(a) system of production and exchange (Christian, 2002). Indeed, internationalization has served to shape the world economy. man-to-man economies which were originally isolated from each other are cur rently being influenced by the each others actions, as well as policies and circumstances in the planetary markets, which in turn assist them to gussy up their own policy measures.One of the characterizing attributes of globalization is the process of merging and consolidation the economies of world economies. Over the past half century, the western countries, and especially unify States and Europe have been vocal in the establishment of a global market economy characterized by the large-minded flow of people and capital, and free trade. However, a skeptical view depicts global integration as only beneficial to the developed world, but harmful to poor nations, the environment as well as native populations.In the face of many, the process is progressively worsening the global environmental crisis that has prevailed with the intensification of industrialization (Christian, 2002). From a practical eyeshade of view, this appears to be the case in Amazon basin of Peru. In April 20 06, the join States and Peruvian governments signed a Free Trade Agreement mean to foster bilateral trade between the devil countries. Even at its outset, the agreement was heavily criticized by environmental organizations, citing say-so environmental and chore concerns.The FTA became effective in February this year, and precipitated a number changes in Perus integrity so as to facilitate increased access to the Amazon set (Cabello, 2009). Although the Peruvian Congress approved the initiation of such legislative changes, the indigenous people living in the expansive Amazon country were not consulted, thus contravening the 169th convention of the International Labor Organization. Describing the regulations as a deliberate campaign to invite foreign companies to exploit the natural resources inwardly the wood zones, the native communities held massive protests in August 2008.Subsequently, the Congress was forced to invert two of the laws, and additionally pledged to reexa mine the others. The apparent failure to meet by the promise eventually led to an eruption of renewed protests starting line April 2009. Since then, they have been remained persistent in advancing their cause that the legislative supply which inevitably undermine their land and water rights have to be abolished (Romero, 2009). telephone exchange in the current conflict between the indigenous people and the Peruvian government is the controversy surrounding the idea of allowing multinational petroleum corporations, particularly those of American origin, to explore as well as mine oil and other mineral resources in the Amazon under the 2006 agreement (Romero, 2009). From a basic point of view, the physical clashes represent the conflicting interests between these two parties. On the one hand, the government led by President Garcia purports to exploit the natural resources in the Amazon in order to bring economic wealth for all citizens.Notably, the potential geographical zones to b e explored for their oil and waste deposits cover about lxx two division of the countrys rain forests (Chauvin, 2009). Similarly, the government also intends to open up the water resources and forest lands to other economic activities such as large-scale farming and wide mining explorations. From the side of the incumbency, such a move should not plague any local opposition, considering that the governments ownership of all undersoil rights. The exploration of these vast lands by multinational corporations would definitely accrue big economic wealth.On the other hand, the indigenous people see the move as a threat to their ancestral land, their own security, and the environment in general. This is so considering the fact that the mineral exploration initiatives could end up change more than thirty thousand natives spread across six of Perus provinces (Chauvin, 2009). An estimated 50 percent of Peru is covered by the Amazon rain forest, which houses more than sixty ethnic gro ups. In the recent past however, the Amazon region has attracted numerous oil, gas, and other mining corporations with the objective of exploring the natural resources found within the forest.Since 2005 for instance, the regions selected for gas and oil concessions have significantly increased (from an estimated fifteen to seventy percent) (Cabello, 2009). Early this year, the countrys oil licensing organization signed contracts with several(prenominal) multinational oil corporations, permitting them to explore natural resources in the Amazon. Although such initiatives go away promote economic growth in the country, a critical rumination reveals the activities of these international companies jeopardize the very existence of the Amazon, which is widely recognized as an important center of biodiversity, even at the global front.Indeed, the Amazon wash-hand stand is an extremely important resource especially when we consider international issues such as the realities of environment al pollution and global warming. Generating close to twenty percent of the earths fresh water, the basin is home to numerous indigenous Peruvian communities. Despite their continued habitation of the forest regions for many years, the natural resources have been well-preserved, thus promoting environmental sustainability.Additionally, the Amazon has been cited as vital in the regulation of atmospheric emissions, particularly carbon dioxide responsible for environmental pollution, as well as stabilizing rainfall and guarding against desertification (Chauvin, 2009). Seen in this sense, Amazon has served to mitigate the devastating impacts of clime change that are often associated with global warming. Recent government reports sidle up continued overlap between the concession lands (those designated for hydrocarbon extraction) and the natural protected areas diligent by the indigenous population (Chauvin, 2009).United States oil companies such as Burlington and Hunt Oil are current ly mining fossil fuels in areas that were traditionally reserved as natural lands. With no hope of a possible retreat of the current trends, the indigenous Peruvians continue to face numerous environmental problems including soil and water pollution, which in turn impacts negatively on their health. In essence, continued investment in the Amazon rainforest appears to vary what world nations, including the U. S. nd Peru postulate as viable strategies of mitigating the currently witnessed global climate change. It is apparent that the continued extraction and transportation of fossil fuels lead lead to an unprecedented release of toxic materials into the soil and increasing the percentage of greenhouse emissions in the atmosphere.Additionally, these multinational companies are also contributing to deforestation via the establishment of infrastructures such as roads and oil pipelines. It is indeed dry that bilateral and international agreements such as the one between the U. S. nd Peru could actually end up fueling the global climate crisis and ill the very livelihoods of indigenous populations, rather than initiating measures towards its alleviation and encouraging sustainable development. It is enigmatic that the Peruvian government should take advantage of the natives who lack title whole kit and therefore direct claims to the land they have lived in for many years. kind of of focusing on the immediate economic benefits, the government ought to consider the potential harm to the Amazon Basin, as well as the life it has support for a prolonged duration.